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Emerging technologies: Nanotechnology and its Applications in Engineering

Nanotechnology is defined as a study of particles with a unit dimension of nm (m times 10⁻⁹). The applications of these small particles can be versatile and have quantum related effects. This article will explore some emerging applications of this technology in engineering, highlighting the effects on surprising areas, bringing efficient results. (TONGI, 2023)

 

Surprisingly, agriculture can use the tinyness of the particles to achieve greater precision. For instance, nanosensors, which monitor the soil; nanocoatings, which improve germination; nano-fertilizers and pesticides, directly act on the plant. These methods reduce waste while increasing the overall efficiency with a greater surface area, as viewed in Figure 01. Hence, the scale of these materials make them able to perform unique properties (QUINTARELLI, 2024).


Figure 01 - Nanopesticide illustration - Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/media/chapter/79709/media/F2.png 
Figure 01 - Nanopesticide illustration - Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/media/chapter/79709/media/F2.png 

Since the beginning of the 21st century, these technologies have grown up. Developing a meaningful niche in the medical market. However, nanomedicine is still not that accessible. Until 2025, it is predicted to grow more than 200 billion dollars (from about 198 billion dollars, in 2024, until 428 billion in 2025). With its continued development, the targeted drug delivery will be enhanced, patients will get more profound and personalized diagnosis. In fact, this will prevent disease spread with a more fluid detection of biomarkers, as seen in Figure 02. (Enabah, 2023) 



It is notable the growth of carbon allotropes used in nanoscale. In this specific medicine, the fullerene (C60, insoluble in water, with spherical and hexagonal structure) is represented by Figure 03 a. Similarly, graphene (2D structure, a catalyst composite) also has antioxidant properties. Additionally, graphene’s structure is presented by Figure 03 b, which demonstrates its organic arrangement, which functions efficiently in storing energy. (LU, 2016)



Another meaningful use of nanotechnology in engineering is given by quantum computing, as seen in Figure 04. With the nanofabrication of electronic pieces, the small structures communicate among themselves in a rapid manner to operate data transmission. This makes qubits to manage electron current, nano transistors and advanced memory devices. Even though this is a promising future, it still faces challenges in decoherence, which harm fragile nanoparticles by changes in the environment (NAYAK, 2025).



The cost of nanoscale fabrication is associated with the infrastructure necessary to manufacture. In the future, as nanoengineering matures, it will further enable much-improved solar cell and battery creation over previous methods; further development is allowing the use of quantum dots to promote decrease in the size of semiconductor components; and nanotechnology is being applied in creating new nanostructured catalysts and drug delivery systems. (Hughes, 2025) 


In summary, nanotechnology can be the future of engineering, because it is an important area of science and engineering that significantly alters our interactions with the world at extremely tiny levels. The focus on engineering makes tools and methods needed to turn the special characteristics of materials at the nanoscale into useful applications in the real world. Nanotechnology is leading to new answers for some of the biggest problems facing humanity, from farming to healthcare and even the core of future computer technology. Therefore, it is an essential area that mixes physics, chemistry, and biology to create the small machines and materials that will influence the world.


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